Tree species with occurrences equal to or greater than 5 m in height. For more details, see "tree" in the Glossary.
Bolding indicates species that are diagnostic for the Association or subassociation. These species appear in the name of the Association or subassociation, and their constancy or abundance differentiates one vegetation type from another. See "diagnostic species" in the Glossary for more information.
The species listed occur in more than 20% of the sample plots (i.e., have greater than 20% presence). They are listed in descending order of presence. Where subassociations occur, presence is calculated for each subassociation, so species with >20% presence in a subassociation are listed although they may not meet that threshold for the Association.
See Botanical Nomenclature for botanical sources, synonyms and common names.
The 10th percentile, 25th percentile, mean, 75th percentile and 90th percentile of total cover per stratum. These statistics are calculated by stratum, from combined species % cover totals for each plot. Where subassociations occur, separate statistics are provided for the total association and for subassociations.
Shrub species and regenerating tree species that are less than 5 m in height. A shrub is a perennial woody plant that generally has several erect or prostrate stems which give it a bushy appearance. Dwarf shrubs, which have a prostrate growth form and are no higher than 10 cm, are included in the herb layer.
Ferns, forbs (broadleaved herbs), graminoids (grasses, sedges and rushes) and dwarf shrubs (woody plants that have a prostrate growth form and occur within 10 cm of the ground).
Bryophytes (non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts and hornworts) and lichens
Cover is the area of ground covered by plants of one or more species. % Cover is the average percent cover of a species within the plots in which it occurs in the Association / subassociation (i.e., characteristic cover).
% Presence is the percent frequency occurrence for the species within the total plots in the Association / subassociation.